Archive for category: Water & Flood Management

Elaboration of Environmental Management Studies for the assessment of the Carrying Capacity of the Coastal Bays of Limassol, Larnaca and Paphos in relation to receiving pumped groundwater discharges arising from high rise building dewatering needs during their construction (Contract No. 200/2018)

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TITLE: Elaboration of Environmental Management Studies for the assessment of the Carrying Capacity of the Coastal Bays of Limassol, Larnaca and Paphos in relation to receiving pumped groundwater discharges arising from high rise building dewatering needs during their construction (Contract No. 200/2018)

BRIEF DESCRIPTION: The Environmental Management Studies were related to the assessment of the carrying capacity of the coastal bays of Limassol, Larnaca and Paphos to receive pumped  groundwater discharges arising from the dewatering process required during the excavation works carried out for the construction of underground spaces in the various high-rise buildings development projects.

CLIENT: Town Planning and Housing Department, Ministry of Interior

REGION: Limassol – Larnaca – Paphos, Cyprus

TYPE: Water and Flood Management

DURATION: 01/2019 – 10/2019

OTHER PARTNERS: –

DESCRIPTION:

Three separate Environmental Management Studies were prepared related to assessing the carrying capacity of the three coastal city bays as to receive the projected estimated amounts of  groundwater arising from the dewatering process required during the excavation works needed to be carried out during the construction of underground spaces in the various current or permitted high-rise building developments located in the following areas:

(a) Within the boundaries of Limassol’s Local Development Plan: the entire coastal area of ​​the Local Development Plan, from the area of ​​the New Port at the western limits of the Plan up to and including the administrative boundaries of Monagroulli community at the easternmost boundaries of the Plan,

(b) Within the boundaries of Larnaca’s Local Development Plan: from ​​Mackenzie area (Town Planning Zone Δ5) of the Municipality of Larnaca to Pyla community at the eastern limits of the Plan,

(c) Within the boundaries of Paphos Local Development Plan: the coastal area of the Touristic Zones of the Municipality of Geroskipou to the Touristic Zones of the Municipality of Pegeia on the westernmost boundaries of the Plan.

The work stages of each study included the following key elements:

(1) Description of the study area regarding its topographic and urban town planning characteristics.

(2) Collection of data from the Town Planning Authorities with regards to issued or under evaluation Applications for high rise building Town Planning Permits, for the determination of where these stand with regards to implementation or evaluation, so that a decision is made on which should be taken into consideration during the execution of these studies.

(3) Evaluation of the hydrogeological characteristics of the study area (development plots) and calculation of their drainage requirements per case depending on design data (e.g. depth and area of ​​basement) and local hydrogeological conditions.

(4) Estimation of groundwater quality characteristics and their evolution during the dewatering process.

(5) Comparative Examination of different feasible dewatering and possible water discharge methods per study area, as according to their hydrogeological conditions.

(6) Description of the current status of the marine environment in the under evaluation marine bays and other pressures in each bay.

(7) Description of the licensing process for high-rise buildings.

(8) Provision of proposals and recommendation of measures for integrated management for safe reuse or discharge of produced water specifically adapted to the particular characteristics of each study area.

 

Hydrological and Hydraulic Study for the stormwater management of the proposed development “Outlet Village and Amusement Park” in Kokkinotrimithia

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Hydrological and Hydraulic Study for the stormwater management of the proposed development “Outlet Village and Amusement Park” in Kokkinotrimithia

The main purpose of the Project was the elaboration of a Master Plan for the stormwater drainage system in order to secure the development safety from flooding.

CLIENT: Private Sector

REGION: Nicosia, Cyprus

TYPE: Water and Flood Management

DURATION: 01/2020 – 03/2020

OTHER PARTNERS: –

DESCRIPTION: The main purpose of the Project was the elaboration of a Master Plan for the stormwater drainage system in order to secure the development safety from flooding.

The proposed drainage system was designed for rainfall intensities with a return period of 1 in 10 years, taking into consideration the existing public drainage infrastructure in the vicinity of the project area.

The hydrological and hydraulic analysis included the following:

  • Determination of the drainage system configuration taking into consideration the Master Plan of the development, the proposed topography and the public drainage infrastructure.
  • Demarcation of the various subcatchments within the proposed development area.
  • Analysis of the existing meteorological data for the calculation of the rainfall for a return period of 1 in 10 years based on the Meteorological Station No. 520 in Kokkinotrimithia, which was the most appropriate and representative Meteorological Station.
  • Calculation of the derived peak flow from each examined subcatchment based on the Time of Concentration.
  • Hydraulic analysis for the design/sizing of the drainage system. The method used was in line with the guidelines of the Department of Public Works and other relevant Authorities.

The proposed drainage system is designed to be discharged to two points at the east and at the west of the study area. Both discharge points will be connected to the existing stormwater network, while part of the stormwater runoff at the southwest of the project area will be routed superficially into the green space.

HYDROLOGICAL AND HUDRAULIC STUDY FOR THE FLOOD RISK ASSESSMENT OF THE AREA WHERE THE NEW ARCHAEOLOGICAL MUSEUM OF CYPRUS WILL BE CONSTRUCTED

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MINIDESCRIPTION: The main purpose of the Project was the conduction of a hydrological and hydraulic study for the flood risk assessment of the area where the new archaeological museum of Cyprus will be constructed. The area is located in Nicosia Municipality, adjacent to Pedieos River.

CLIENT: Department of Public Works

REGION: Nicosia, Cyprus

TYPE: Water and Flood Management

DURATION: 07/2019 – 09/2019

OTHERPARTNERS: –

DESCRIPTION:

The aim of the Project and according to the ToR, was:

  • Elaboration of a hydraulic model of the study area, which is bounded at the south from the Cheilonos Bridge and north from the Louki Akrita Bridge.
  • Extraction of hydraulic cross sections showing the flood extent for various return periods (1 in 10, 20, 50, 100, 200 and 500 years).
  • Production of Flood Maps based on the hydraulic analysis results. This facilitated the determination of the magnitude of the flood protection measures.

The Study showed that appropriate flood protection works need to be constructed in order to ensure the protection of the proposed development from flooding. Taking into account the importance of the proposed development, the flood control works should cover at least the 1 in 100-year flood event. The peak flows estimated for this flood event, took into consideration the future urbanization of the catchment area and the climate change.

Feasibility Study Pedieos River Rehabilitation Project

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The EUPSO (EU Programme Support Office) has undertaken the elaboration of a Feasibility Study (FS) to provide a comprehensive report to decide on measures such as an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), a Detailed Design and ToRs leading to full Tender Documentation for a potential “Pedieos River Rehabilitation Project”. This is a Bi-Communal project with the physical project spanning both sides of the political divide, and as such is of great importance to all, involving at the same time the inherent sensitivities due to this very fact.

CLIENT: EUPSO

REGION: Cyprus

TYPE: Hydrological, Hydraulic, Hydrogeological and Geological Studies / Ecology

DURATION: 07/2018 – 09/2018

OTHER PARTNERS: –

DESCRIPTION:

The rehabilitation works involved surveying, ecological habitat mapping, hydrological river analysis, architectural design and construction of river rehabilitation infrastructures. These mainly included flood protection works, protection/improvement of the hydro-morphological and ecological features of the river, construction of a walking/bicycle path and various pedestrian bridges at strategic points along a length of approximately 4640m, at the initial phase, of river bed. Of this length, 850m is currently in the “Buffer Zone” (BZ), and a further 390m is located south of the BZ.

For achieving the above, a team of experts with key experience in river rehabilitation and linear park development, suitable in executing such a project at the highest possible quality was formed. The development of such a project required a stepwise approach, with discreet tasks that led to a masterplan design of a linear park along the Pedieos River. The linear park will be based on ecological and hydrological assessments, and hydraulic analysis of selected river cross sections vulnerable to flooding, based on topographical surveys. These will be fed into the architectural designs of the walking/bicycle path in order to ensure their safe construction and use.

Analysis of Scenarios of Water Demand Management – Assessment of Impacts at regional level (incl. Cyprus Case Study). European Commission, DG Environment.

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Analysis of Scenarios of Water Demand Management – Assessment of Impacts at regional level (incl. Cyprus Case Study)

Different water demand management options are explored and analysed. Additional water demand management measures are considered, in particular water pricing and land use planning, through the development for each scenario, in every one of the five case studies. Furthermore, the different socio-economic and environmental implications of both options were assessed, with particular focus on the agricultural sector and public water supply for tourism.

Client: DG Environment European Commission

Region: European Union

Type: Water & Flood Management, Environmental Policy

Duration: 12/2007 – 05/2008

Other Partners: Ecologic (Belgium) in cooperation with: ACTeon (France)- I.A.CO (Cyprus) – Universidad De Cordoba (Spain)- Lenoci LTD (Hungary) – IPA (UK)

The specific objectives of the study were to:

  • Explore and analyse different water demand management options. Thereby, the objective is to go beyond the water saving potential related to the introduction of new technologies and to give consideration to additional water demand management measures, in particular water pricing and land use planning;
  • Develop two scenarios, one focusing on land use planning and one on water pricing in each of the case studies;
  • Assess the different socio-economic and environmental implications of both options in five case studies spread across Europe, with particular focus on the agricultural sector and public water supply for tourism.
  • The five case basin studies for which an in-depth assessment was made were:
    a) The Boutonne river basin in France;
    b) The Guadalquivir river basin in Spain;
    c) the South East River Basin District in the U.K.;
    d) The Danube-Tisza River Basin in Hungary; and
    e) Cyprus (as one River Basin).

Approach:

  • A good understanding of each case study area, in terms of main abstractors, land-use patterns, current impacts on the quantitative status of surface water and groundwater and impacts on connected ecosystems and water users, was developed.
  • The two scenarios, one on assessing the impacts on land use planning and one on the impacts of water pricing were applied and assessed:
    a) impact on the quantitative status of water resources
    b) the economic and land-use impact of a change in water abstraction and water pricing for the agriculture sector and / or the household sector, in case studies where agriculture and/ or household is a significant abstractor
    c) If relevant and possible, environmental benefits to the aquatic ecosystem.

Results:

  • In none of the basins studied the good status could be achieved by technical improvements in water savings.
  • In most areas, additional water demand measures will not be sufficient to meet the good status and additional action is required.
  • Alternative water supply sources could reduce the pressure on water resources (small to large reservoirs, desalination plants, etc.).
  • Normally water saving measures are more cost effective as they result not only in saving of water but also other savings such as energy.
  • Water saving measures normally lead to a reduction in water bills of the user. Additional water supply measures can increase the cost for the user and normally large subsidies are linked to infrastructure projects.
  • Water saving due to restrictions in land use results to an improvement in the environmental status. Losses in agricultural income cannot be fully compensated. Quotas in water lead to shifts to crops with the lowest water requirements or changes to extensive field crops. The total irrigated area is reduced. Water security for remaining irrigating areas is increases.
  • For tourism the situation is ambivalent: Activities depending on a high water use (e.g. golf courses, water parks) will face restriction in their development and lead to private sources (desalination plants). In areas where tourism activities are depending on a high ecosystem quality there is a high chance of improving the situation.
  • Quotas variation affects proportionally farmers revenue and water consumption whereas water pricing affects firstly farmers revenue without any water consumption changes and, after a certain price level, start to reduce water consumption of less productive crops till they disappear.

Development of Integrated National Water Monitoring Programme and Development of Associated Databases supporting the implementation of Article 8 of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Cyprus.

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Development of Integrated National Water Monitoring Programme and Development of Associated Databases supporting the implementation of Article 8 of the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC

The main objectives of the project were the design of an integrated national monitoring programme for all water categories (rivers, lakes, coastal and groundwater) of Cyprus according to the provisions of Article 8 of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC and the design of integrated databases and associated Geographical Information System (GIS) applications to store, analyse and present the data collected.

Client: Water Development Department Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Cyprus

Region: Cyprus

Type: Water & Flood Management, Environmental Policy, Environmental Information Management

Duration: 04/2006-01/2008

Other Partners: WL|Delft Hydraulics (Netherlands) – ENVECO S.A. (Greece) – Ecologic (Belgium) – D. Argyropoulos (Greece) – Nikolaides & Associates (Cyprus)

The specific objectives of the study were to:

  • The design of an integrated national monitoring programme for all water categories (rivers, lakes, coastal and groundwater) of Cyprus according to the provisions of Article 8 of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) 2000/60/EC
  • The design of integrated databases and associated Geographical Information System (GIS) applications
  • The direct beneficiaries of the Project were the Water Development Department of the Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment (MANRE) as the Implementing Agency and the Department of Fisheries and Marine Research of MANRE and the State General Laboratory of the Ministry of Health as Co-operating Agencies.

The tasks that were successfully completed and the services that were provided were:

  • Evaluation of existing situation and technical – institutional framework conditions
  • Development of efficient and reliable monitoring programme that fulfilled the requirements of the WFD and preparation of Action Plan
  • Standardisation of data collection and data recording procedures, improving data accessibility
  • Development of environmental quality criteria for target chemicals
  • Development of Integrated Databases and associated GIS system that are suitable to store, analyse and present the data collected
  • Support in the implementation of the Monitoring Programme
  • Capacity Building and Training Programme for the personnel of the Beneficiaries in order to monitor, analyse, store and present data

The monitoring plan and the relevant databases were designed based on the following principles:

  • Compliant to the WFD 2000/60/EC requirements and to corresponding Guidance Documents
  • Suitability to the characteristics and conditions of water bodies in Cyprus
  • Consistency with the requirements of other relevant directives
  • Adaptation to existing knowledge and experience
  • Technical, economic and institutional feasibility

Final Study, Design, Preparation of Tender Documents and Supervision of Construction of Solea Dam, Cyprus. Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Cyprus.

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Final Study and Design, Preparation of Tender Documents and Supervision of Construction of Solea Dam, Cyprus

The aim of the Solea dam is to confront the irrigation problems in the Solea Valley. The irrigation needs at present are met by diversions from the Karyotis river which do not fully cover them. The sizable amounts of winter flows are exploited by diversion and storage in the off- channel dam of 4 Mm3 capacity. An irrigation distribution network will meet the irrigation demand of 3.4Mm3 per year.

Client: Water Development Department Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Cyprus subcontracted by Karavokyris & Associates (Greece) – Edafos Consulting Engineers (Greece)

Region: Cyprus

Type: Water & Flood Management

Duration: 2006 – 2008

Other Partners: Karavokyris & Associates (Greece) – Edafos Consulting Engineers (Greece)

The main objectives of the project were:

  • Design of an earth dam of 53m height and capacity of 4 to 4.5 Mm3
  • A diversion weir
  • A diversion conveyor
  • Balancing reservoirs
  • Pumping Stations
  • Main irrigation pipes
  • Preparation of tender documents and supervision of construction of the dam and associated works.

The tasks that were successfully completed by I.A.CO (as per the memorandum of cooperation which subcontracted I.A.CO for 9% of the objectives of the study, including local management) were:

  • Meteorological and hydrological data and hydrologic input to the study.
  • Electromechanical study for the Pumping Stations: Plans and equipment specifications (as per the Solea Dam study), the lighting of the crest of the dam, and the aeration and lighting of the diversion culvert, and
  • Health and Safety Plan for the construction of the dam

Hydrologic and Hydraulic Study for the Pedhieos River within Nicosia Municipality for the construction of a Linear Recreational Park and Cycle Lane. Municipality of Nicosia, Cyprus.

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Hydrologic and Hydraulic Study for the Pedhieos River within Nicosia Municipality for the construction of a Linear Recreational Park and Cycle Lane

Knowledge of the hydrologic behaviour of the stream, particularly during floods of various frequencies, is necessary for the proper design of the Linear Park and cycling lane along the Pedhieos river, so that damages to properties are reduced and loss of life is avoided. A hydrologic and hydraulic study has been carried out for the dimensioning of the streambed to accommodate rare flood events, with up to 500 years return period, so that the streambed is protected and the various structures are properly designed.

Client: Municipality of Nicosia Cyprus

Region: Cyprus

Type: Water & Flood Management

Duration: 08/2006 – 11/2006

Other Partners: –

The main objectives of the project was the elaboration of a hydrologic study for the Pedhieos river reach between the bridge south of the Presidential Palace up to the bridge north of the old General Hospital, and a hydraulic study for the dimensioning of the active streambed to route flood events return period of 2, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 500 years, so that the area is not submerged.

The tasks that were successfully completed were:

  • The present day conditions of the active channel and the floodplain were surveyed, itemized and the required reconstruction/ cleaning was recorded
    The rainfall record of M.S.640 at Nicosia for various intensities and return periods was evaluated
  • The 12 catchments of Pedhieos and of its tributaries were determined
  • The time of concentration for each catchment was determined with a number of methods and a final value was selected
  • The flow at various return periods was determined on the basis of flow data for two major catchments and with the rational formula for those that flow data were not available
  • The software HEC – RAS (Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System of the Army Corps. Eng.) was used to project the space and time movement of a flood event in the streambed providing the water level of the flow and the ability of the channel to contain the flood, under present conditions
  • The velocity of flow and the stability of the channel slopes and of the streambed section were evaluated
  • Recommendations for the dimensioning of certain sections of the stream were put forward

Main conclusions and recommendations:

  • The streambed in the area studied has an active channel width varying between 10 to 40m or mean width of 25m.
  • Erosion is limited and the stream is stabilized due to the extensive vegetation.
  • It is concluded that the natural floodplain can accept and route floods of up to 500 years return period. Some problems may be expected at the Irish-type bridges.
  • As a general conclusion the Linear Park traversing the active channel or the flood plain should be elevated above the active channel.

Storm water evaluation and design of the disposal network for the Xylophagou Village. Local Authority of Xylophagou Village, Cyprus.

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Hydrologic and Hydraulic Studies for Rainwater Collection Systems at Municipality Level

The project aimed at the elaboration of a Master Plan for the organization of storm runoff disposal network for the whole area of Xylophagou village at a return period of 10 years, which could be constructed gradually according to available funding and hierarchical replacement of problematic sewers and elaboration plan for defining necessary sizes of sewers in new areas under development.

Client: Local Authority of Xylophagou Village Cyprus

Region: Cyprus

Type: Water & Flood Management

Duration: 03/2010 – 09/2011

Other Partners: –

The main objectives of the project were:

  • Definition of the catchment areas that affect the urban areas and their subdivision into sections according to the topography and cover, so that the storm runoff is collected at prescribed points and disposed through a pipe network outside the urban area
  • Study of the existing and future condition of the catchment areas and the way of draining and disposal of storm runoff (local town planning plans etc.)
  • Assessment of surface runoff at each section into which the residential area is subdivided and the definition of problematic points or areas for the various rainfall intensities (on the basis of times of concentration and rainfall return periods)
  • Recommendations for the solution of the disposal of storm runoff from the residential areas
  • Conclusions and recommendations

The whole project constitutes a Master Plan for the organization of the smooth disposal of storm waters for the whole area of Xylophagou which could be constructed gradually according to available funding and hierarchically replace problematic sewers and be in a position to define necessary sizes of sewers in new areas under development.

The tasks that were successfully completed were:

  • All the objectives mentioned above were completed successfully.
  • The method used for the design of the storm water disposal network was the rational method (Lloyd Davies) of the TRRL (Transport and Road Research laboratory) of the UK.
  • The network design was made for storms of return period of 10 years since it was considered that the cost for this was reasonable.

Implementation of Articles 4 & 5 of the Flood Directive 2007/60/EC in Cyprus. Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment, Cyprus.

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Implementation of Articles 4 & 5 of the Flood Directive 2007/60/EC in Cyprus

The aim of the project was the implementation of Articles 4 and 5 of the Directive 2007/60/EC on the assessment and management of flood risks and the relevant national legislation. The main objectives were the preliminary flood risk assessment in accordance with the relevant guidance documents and the identification of areas for which there is serious potential flood risk

Client: Water Development Department Ministry of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environment Cyprus

Region: Cyprus

Type: Water & Flood Management, Environmental Policy, Environmental Information Management
Duration: 01/2011 – 01/2012

Other Partners: –

The main objectives of the project were:

  • Preliminary flood risk assessment in accordance with the relevant guidance documents
  • Identification of areas for which there is serious potential flood risk
  • The tasks that were successfully completed and the services that were provided were:
  • Preliminary flood risk assessment on River Basin District level
  • Inventory of important past flood events that can be used to predict important negative impacts of similar events in the future
  • Classification of the past flood events based on the significance impacts on human life, human health, economy, cultural heritage and Environment
  • Impact assessment of climate change on flood occurrences
  • Assessment of adverse impacts of potential future major flood events
  • Methodology development for the identification of areas for which there is significant potential flood risk, using GIS tools to a great extent. This included the selection of rivers’ segments with a catchment area greater that 10 Km2 (in most cases) that are located in urban areas, which include residential uses, public use areas, industrial, commercial and tourist areas. A buffer zone was created and the potential flood impacts on human health, environment, cultural heritage and economy were evaluated. This evaluation took under consideration the recording and evaluation of historic flood events.
  • Detailed maps and information sheets were prepared for all the areas of significant potential flood risk that were identified.

The project resulted in the identification of 19 areas – river segments, for which there is significant potential flood risk. These need to be further studied in order to prepare flood hazard maps and flood risk maps for different flood scenarios. These will be used to prepare the Flood Risk Management Plans (until 2015).

“Addressing needs in an engineering sound and environmentally sustainable manner.”

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